Prepare Broccoli: Wash and chop broccoli into florets. Blanch in salted boiling water for 2–3 minutes, then drain and set aside.
Cook Pasta: Boil salted water and cook cavatelli until al dente (fresh: 3–5 min, dried: 8–10 min). Reserve ½ cup pasta water.
Make Sauce: Heat olive oil in a skillet. Sauté garlic until fragrant (~1 min). Add chili flakes or optional ingredients.
Combine Pasta and Broccoli: Add pasta and broccoli to the skillet. Pour reserved pasta water gradually and toss to coat. Adjust seasoning with salt and pepper.
Serve: Top with Parmesan, fresh herbs, lemon zest, or toasted pine nuts. Serve immediately.