Step 1: Cook the Pasta
Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil.
Cook spaghetti according to package directions until al dente.
Reserve ¼ cup pasta water before draining.
Drain pasta and set aside.
Step 2: Prepare the Garlic Oil
Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat.
Add minced garlic and sauté for 1 minute until fragrant.
Stir in red pepper flakes and cook for 30 seconds.
Step 3: Add the Sardines
Add drained sardines to the skillet.
Break them into bite-sized pieces with a spoon.
Cook for 2–3 minutes until warmed through.
Step 4: Add Lemon Flavor
Stir in lemon zest and lemon juice.
Mix well to combine all flavors.
Step 5: Combine Pasta and Sauce
Add cooked pasta to the skillet.
Pour in reserved pasta water.
Toss everything together until evenly coated.
Step 6: Finish and Serve
Add parsley, salt, and black pepper.
Toss gently one final time.
Top with Parmesan cheese, capers, or toasted breadcrumbs if desired.
Serve immediately.